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Key People:Francis william AstonFrederick SoddyTheodore william Richards...(Show more)Related Topics:DeuteriumRadioactive isotopeTritiumTantalum-180Tantalum-181...(Show more)

isotope, one of two or an ext species of atoms of a chemical facet with the same atomic number and also position in the routine table and nearly identical chemistry behaviour however with different atomic masses and physical properties. Every chemical facet has one or more isotopes.
An atom is an initial identified and labeled according to the variety of protons in the nucleus. This atomic number is ordinarily offered the price Z. The great importance the the atomic number derives indigenous the monitoring that every atoms v the exact same atomic number have nearly, if no precisely, the same chemical properties. A large collection of atoms v the exact same atomic number constitutes a sample of an element. A bar the pure uranium, because that instance, would consist entirely of atoms v atomic number 92. The regular table that the facets assigns one place to every atom number, and each that these places is labeled through the usual name that the element, as, for example, calcium, radon, or uranium.
Not every the atoms of an element need have the same variety of neutrons in your nuclei. In fact, it is exactly the sports in the number of neutrons in the nuclei of atoms that offers rise come isotopes. Hydrogen is a case in point. It has actually the atom number 1. 3 nuclei through one proton are known that save on computer 0, 1, and also 2 neutrons, respectively. The 3 share the ar in the periodic table assigned to atomic number 1 and hence are dubbed isotopes (from the Greek isos, definition “same,” and also topos, signifying “place”) that hydrogen.
See more: What Does Oui Mean In English Translation Of “Oui”, Oui Definition & Meaning
Many important properties of an isotope rely on that mass. The total number of neutrons and also protons (symbol A), or mass number, of the cell nucleus gives approximately the fixed measured top top the so-called atomic-mass-unit (amu) scale. The numerical difference in between the yes, really measured massive of an isotope and also A is called either the mass excess or the massive defect (symbol Δ; see table).
Sources: G. Audi and A.H. Wapstra, "The 1995 update to atomic Mass Evaluation," nuclear Physics, A595:409–480 (1995); K.J.R. Rosman and P.D.P. Taylor, "Isotopic Compositions of the aspects 1997," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 27:1275–85 (1995). | |||||
hydrogen | 1 | H | 1 | 99.9885 | 7.289 |
2 | 0.0151 | 13.136 | |||
helium | 2 | he | 3 | 0.000138 | 14.931 |
4 | 99.999863 | 2.425 | |||
lithium | 3 | Li | 6 | 7.59 | 14.086 |
7 | 92.41 | 14.908 | |||
beryllium | 4 | it is in | 9 | 100 | 11.348 |
boron | 5 | B | 10 | 19.9 | 12.051 |
11 | 80.1 | 8.668 | |||
carbon | 6 | C | 12 | 98.93 | 0 |
13 | 1.07 | 3.125 | |||
nitrogen | 7 | N | 14 | 99.632 | 2.863 |
15 | 0.368 | 0.101 | |||
oxygen | 8 | O | 16 | 99.757 | −4.737 |
17 | 0.038 | −0.809 | |||
18 | 0.205 | −0.782 | |||
fluorine | 9 | F | 19 | 100 | −1.487 |
neon | 10 | Ne | 20 | 90.48 | −7.042 |
21 | 0.27 | −5.732 | |||
22 | 9.25 | −8.024 | |||
sodium | 11 | Na | 23 | 100 | −9.529 |
magnesium | 12 | Mg | 24 | 78.99 | −13.933 |
25 | 10.00 | −13.193 | |||
26 | 11.01 | −16.214 | |||
aluminum | 13 | Al | 27 | 100 | −17.197 |
silicon | 14 | Si | 28 | 92.2297 | −21.493 |
29 | 4.6832 | −21.895 | |||
30 | 3.0872 | −24.433 | |||
phosphorus | 15 | p | 31 | 100 | −24.441 |
sulfur | 16 | S | 32 | 94.93 | −26.016 |
33 | 0.76 | −26.586 | |||
34 | 4.29 | −29.932 | |||
36 | 0.02 | −30.664 | |||
chlorine | 17 | Cl | 35 | 75.78 | −29.014 |
37 | 24.22 | −31.762 | |||
argon | 18 | Ar | 36 | 0.3365 | −30.230 |
38 | 0.0632 | −34.715 | |||
40 | 99.6003 | −35.040 | |||
potassium | 19 | K | 39 | 93.2581 | −33.807 |
40 | 0.0117 | −33.535 | |||
41 | 6.7302 | −35.559 | |||
calcium | 20 | Ca | 40 | 96.941 | −34.846 |
42 | 0.647 | −38.547 | |||
43 | 0.135 | −38.408 | |||
44 | 2.086 | −41.469 | |||
46 | 0.004 | −43.135 | |||
48 | 0.187 | −44.215 | |||
scandium | 21 | Sc | 45 | 100 | −41.069 |
titanium | 22 | Ti | 46 | 8.25 | −44.125 |
47 | 7.44 | −44.932 | |||
48 | 73.72 | −48.487 | |||
49 | 5.41 | −48.558 | |||
50 | 5.18 | −51.426 | |||
vanadium | 23 | V | 50 | 0.250 | −49.218 |
51 | 99.750 | −52.198 | |||
chromium | 24 | Cr | 50 | 4.345 | −50.254 |
52 | 83.789 | −55.413 | |||
53 | 9.501 | −55.281 | |||
54 | 2.365 | −56.928 | |||
manganese | 25 | Mn | 55 | 100 | −57.706 |
stole | 26 | Fe | 54 | 5.845 | −56.248 |
56 | 91.754 | −60.601 | |||
57 | 2.119 | −60.176 | |||
58 | 0.282 | −62.149 | |||
cobalt | 27 | Co | 59 | 100 | −62.224 |
nickel | 28 | Ni | 58 | 68.0769 | −60.223 |
60 | 26.2231 | −64.468 | |||
61 | 1.1399 | −64.217 | |||
62 | 3.6345 | −66.743 | |||
64 | 0.9256 | −67.096 | |||
copper | 29 | Cu | 63 | 69.17 | −65.576 |
65 | 30.83 | −67.260 | |||
zinc | 30 | Zn | 64 | 48.63 | −66.000 |
66 | 27.90 | −68.896 | |||
67 | 4.10 | −67.877 | |||
68 | 18.75 | −70.004 | |||
70 | 0.62 | −69.559 | |||
gallium | 31 | Ga | 69 | 60.108 | −69.321 |
71 | 39.892 | −70.137 | |||
germanium | 32 | Ge | 70 | 20.84 | −70.560 |
72 | 27.54 | −72.586 | |||
73 | 7.73 | −71.299 | |||
74 | 36.28 | −73.422 | |||
76 | 7.61 | −73.213 | |||
arsenic | 33 | together | 75 | 100 | −73.032 |
selenium | 34 | Se | 74 | 0.89 | −72.213 |
76 | 9.37 | −75.252 | |||
77 | 7.63 | −74.599 | |||
78 | 23.77 | −77.026 | |||
80 | 49.61 | −77.759 | |||
82 | 8.73 | −77.593 | |||
bromine | 35 | Br | 79 | 50.69 | −76.068 |
81 | 49.31 | −77.974 | |||
krypton | 36 | Kr | 78 | 0.35 | −74.160 |
80 | 2.28 | −77.893 | |||
82 | 11.58 | −80.589 | |||
83 | 11.49 | −79.982 | |||
84 | 57.00 | −82.431 | |||
86 | 17.30 | −83.266 | |||
rubidium | 37 | Rb | 85 | 72.17 | −82.168 |
87 | 27.83 | −84.595 | |||
strontium | 38 | Sr | 84 | 0.56 | −80.644 |
86 | 9.86 | −84.522 | |||
87 | 7.00 | −84.878 | |||
88 | 82.58 | −87.920 | |||
yttrium | 39 | Y | 89 | 100 | −87.702 |
zirconium | 40 | Zr | 90 | 51.45 | −88.768 |
91 | 11.22 | −87.891 | |||
92 | 17.15 | −88.455 | |||
94 | 17.38 | −87.266 | |||
96 | 2.80 | −85.441 | |||
niobium | 41 | Nb | 93 | 100 | −87.209 |
molybdenum | 42 | Mo | 92 | 14.84 | −86.805 |
94 | 9.25 | −88.410 | |||
95 | 15.92 | −87.708 | |||
96 | 16.68 | −88.791 | |||
97 | 9.55 | −87.541 | |||
98 | 24.13 | −88.112 | |||
100 | 9.63 | −86.184 | |||
ruthenium | 44 | Ru | 96 | 5.54 | −86.072 |
98 | 1.87 | −88.224 | |||
99 | 12.76 | −87.617 | |||
100 | 12.60 | −89.219 | |||
101 | 17.06 | −87.950 | |||
102 | 31.55 | −89.098 | |||
104 | 18.62 | −88.091 | |||
rhodium | 45 | Rh | 103 | 100 | −88.022 |
palladium | 46 | Pd | 102 | 1.020 | −87.926 |
104 | 11.14 | −89.391 | |||
105 | 22.33 | −88.414 | |||
106 | 27.33 | −89.905 | |||
108 | 26.46 | −89.522 | |||
110 | 11.72 | −88.350 | |||
silver | 47 | Ag | 107 | 51.8392 | −88.405 |
109 | 48.1608 | −88.720 | |||
cadmium | 48 | Cd | 106 | 1.25 | −87.134 |
108 | 0.89 | −89.253 | |||
110 | 12.49 | −90.350 | |||
111 | 12.80 | −89.254 | |||
112 | 24.13 | −90.581 | |||
113 | 12.22 | −89.050 | |||
114 | 28.73 | −90.021 | |||
116 | 7.49 | −88.720 | |||
indium | 49 | In | 113 | 4.288 | −89.366 |
115 | 95.712 | −89.537 | |||
believe | 50 | Sn | 112 | 0.973 | −88.659 |
114 | 0.659 | −90.558 | |||
115 | 0.339 | −90.033 | |||
116 | 14.536 | −91.525 | |||
117 | 7.676 | −90.398 | |||
118 | 24.223 | −91.653 | |||
119 | 8.585 | −90.067 | |||
120 | 32.593 | −91.103 | |||
122 | 4.629 | −89.944 | |||
124 | 5.789 | −88.236 | |||
antimony | 51 | Sb | 121 | 57.213 | −89.593 |
123 | 42.787 | −89.222 | |||
tellurium | 52 | dare | 120 | 0.096 | −89.405 |
122 | 2.603 | −90.311 | |||
123 | 0.908 | −89.169 | |||
124 | 4.816 | −90.523 | |||
125 | 7.139 | −89.028 | |||
126 | 18.952 | −90.070 | |||
128 | 31.687 | −88.994 | |||
130 | 33.799 | −87.353 | |||
iodine | 53 | i | 127 | 100 | −88.987 |
xenon | 54 | Xe | 124 | 0.08913 | −87.658 |
126 | 0.08880 | −89.173 | |||
128 | 1.91732 | −89.861 | |||
129 | 26.43964 | −89.697 | |||
130 | 4.08271 | −89.881 | |||
131 | 21.17961 | −88.416 | |||
132 | 26.89157 | −89.280 | |||
134 | 10.44232 | −88.124 | |||
136 | 8.86590 | −86.424 | |||
cesium | 55 | Cs | 133 | 100 | −88.076 |
barium | 56 | Ba | 130 | 0.1058 | −87.271 |
132 | 0.1012 | −88.440 | |||
134 | 2.417 | −88.954 | |||
135 | 6.592 | −87.856 | |||
136 | 7.853 | −88.892 | |||
137 | 11.232 | −87.727 | |||
138 | 71.699 | −88.267 | |||
lanthanum | 57 | La | 138 | 0.09017 | −86.529 |
139 | 99.91 | −87.236 | |||
cerium | 58 | Ce | 136 | 0.186 | −86.500 |
138 | 0.251 | −87.574 | |||
140 | 88.449 | −88.088 | |||
142 | 11.114 | −84.543 | |||
praseodymium | 59 | Pr | 141 | 100 | −86.026 |
neodymium | 60 | Nd | 142 | 27.16 | −85.960 |
143 | 12.18 | −84.012 | |||
144 | 23.83 | −83.758 | |||
145 | 8.30 | −81.442 | |||
146 | 17.17 | −80.936 | |||
148 | 5.74 | −77.418 | |||
150 | 5.62 | −73.694 | |||
samarium | 62 | Sm | 144 | 3.0734 | −81.976 |
147 | 14.9934 | −79.276 | |||
148 | 11.2406 | −79.347 | |||
149 | 13.8189 | −77.147 | |||
150 | 7.3796 | −77.061 | |||
152 | 26.7421 | −74.773 | |||
154 | 22.7520 | −72.465 | |||
europium | 63 | Eu | 151 | 47.810 | −74.663 |
153 | 52.190 | −73.377 | |||
gadolinium | 64 | Gd | 152 | 0.2029 | −74.717 |
154 | 2.1809 | −73.716 | |||
155 | 14.7998 | −72.080 | |||
156 | 20.4664 | −72.545 | |||
157 | 15.6518 | −70.834 | |||
158 | 24.8347 | −0.700 | |||
160 | 21.8635 | −67.952 | |||
terbium | 65 | Tb | 159 | 100 | −69.542 |
dysprosium | 66 | Dy | 156 | 0.056 | −70.534 |
158 | 0.096 | −70.417 | |||
160 | 2.34 | −69.682 | |||
161 | 18.91 | −68.065 | |||
162 | 25.51 | −68.190 | |||
163 | 24.90 | −66.390 | |||
164 | 28.19 | −65.977 | |||
holmium | 67 | Ho | 165 | 100 | −64.907 |
erbium | 68 | Er | 162 | 0.137 | −66.346 |
164 | 1.609 | −65.953 | |||
166 | 33.61 | −64.934 | |||
167 | 22.93 | −63.299 | |||
168 | 26.79 | −62.999 | |||
170 | 14.93 | −60.118 | |||
thulium | 69 | Tm | 169 | 100 | −61.282 |
ytterbium | 70 | Yb | 168 | 0.127 | −61.577 |
170 | 3.04 | −60.772 | |||
171 | 14.28 | −59.315 | |||
172 | 21.83 | −59.264 | |||
173 | 16.13 | −57.560 | |||
174 | 31.83 | −56.953 | |||
176 | 12.76 | −53.497 | |||
lutetium | 71 | Lu | 175 | 97.416 | −55.174 |
176 | 2.584 | −53.391 | |||
hafnium | 72 | Hf | 174 | 0.1620 | −55.852 |
176 | 5.604 | −54.584 | |||
177 | 18.5953 | −52.890 | |||
178 | 27.811 | −52.445 | |||
179 | 13.6210 | −50.473 | |||
180 | 35.0802 | −49.790 | |||
tantalum | 73 | Ta | 180 | 0.0123 | −48.935 |
181 | 99.9877 | −48.441 | |||
tungsten | 74 | W | 180 | 0.1198 | −49.643 |
182 | 26.4985 | −48.246 | |||
183 | 14.3136 | −46.366 | |||
184 | 30.6422 | −45.706 | |||
186 | 28.4259 | −42.511 | |||
rhenium | 75 | Re | 185 | 37.398 | −43.821 |
187 | 62.602 | −41.218 | |||
osmium | 76 | Os | 184 | 0.0197 | −44.254 |
186 | 1.5859 | −42.999 | |||
187 | 1.9644 | −41.220 | |||
188 | 13.2434 | −41.138 | |||
189 | 16.1466 | −38.988 | |||
190 | 26.2584 | −38.708 | |||
192 | 40.7815 | −35.882 | |||
iridium | 77 | Ir | 191 | 37.272 | −36.709 |
193 | 62.728 | −34.536 | |||
platinum | 78 | Pt | 190 | 0.013634 | −37.325 |
192 | 0.782659 | −36.296 | |||
194 | 32.96700 | −34.779 | |||
195 | 33.831557 | −32.812 | |||
196 | 25.24166 | −32.663 | |||
198 | 7.16349 | −29.923 | |||
gold | 79 | Au | 197 | 100 | −31.157 |
mercury | 80 | Hg | 196 | 0.15344 | −31.843 |
198 | 9.968 | −30.970 | |||
199 | 16.873 | −29.563 | |||
200 | 23.096 | −29.520 | |||
201 | 13.181 | −27.679 | |||
202 | 29.863 | −27.362 | |||
204 | 6.865 | −24.707 | |||
thallium | 81 | Tl | 203 | 29.524 | −25.775 |
205 | 70.476 | −23.834 | |||
command | 82 | Pb | 204 | 1.4245 | −25.123 |
206 | 24.1447 | −23.801 | |||
207 | 22.0827 | −22.467 | |||
208 | 52.3481 | −21.764 | |||
bismuth | 83 | Bi | 209 | 100 | −18.273 |
thorium | 90 | Th | 232 | 100 | 35.444 |
uranium | 92 | U | 234 | 0.00548 | 38.141 |
235 | 0.7200 | 40.914 | |||
238 | 99.2745 | 47.304 |